расселение видов и популяций

dispersal, immigration, expansion, extending of range, pioneering new areas, spreading

Alter a glacial period manу .

species followed the retreating ice north, eventually extending their distribution through the entire forest and tundra region.

The species has penetrated far south in the alpine-arctic region of Scandinavia, and east to the White Sea .

These people originated in Manchuria or northern China and started their invasion of Siberia less than 2000 years ago, immigrating in several waves. Under the influence of the great migration of the Mongols in the 14th century they swept up from the steppes of southeast Siberia, penetrating northwards along the Lena Valley, pushing the Tungus aside .

All the populations inhabiting the Arctic are offshoots of southern peoples .

A period of expansion took place as the people spread along the coasts of the Bering Sea, living off the fish, seal and whales with the kayak as tool. No later than 4000 years ago they invaded the Aleutian Islands, spreading westwards from one island to the other, but not venturing to span the broad gap to the Komandorskie Islands. .

To the north the expansion took the form of a huge migration along the uninhabited arctic coast of Alaska and Canada and did not stop until all of Greenland was overrun .